How these tools are grouped
The four groups above are not categories for their own sake — they are the four situations that bring people to an epoch tool at all. Converters are for when you have a value and want the other side of it, one row or a whole pasted column at a time. Debugging is for when the conversion already happened and the answer is wrong: a date stuck at January 1, 1970, a value that is seconds where milliseconds were expected, or a 32-bit counter about to run out in 2038. Formats and IDs cover the timestamps that are not stored as timestamps — the expiry claim inside a JWT, the four leading bytes of a MongoDB ObjectId, a Discord snowflake. Languages and sheets is reference material: the exact call in Python, JavaScript, SQL or Excel, with the trap each one sets.
A page belongs to exactly one group, and the group it belongs to is what its own footer links to. That is deliberate: a fifteen-card block on every page told a reader — and a crawler — that everything here was equally related to everything else. Each page now points at its three or four nearest siblings and back at this index, which is one hop from anywhere and two hops from any page to any other.
Frequently asked questions
Which timestamp tool do I need?
Start from what you are holding. A bare number and you want a date: the main converter. A date that came out wrong — 1970, 1901, or a couple of weeks after the epoch: the debugging group. A token, an ObjectId or a chat tag with a time hidden inside it: the format and ID decoders. A file of rows rather than one value: the bulk converter.
Do these tools send my timestamps to a server?
No. Every tool on this site converts in your browser, with no upload, no account and no server round trip. That matters most for the decoders: a JWT pasted into a web tool is a credential pasted into a web tool, and here it never leaves the tab.
Why are there separate pages instead of one big converter?
Because the questions are different, not just the inputs. Deciding whether a value is seconds or milliseconds, working out why a date rendered as 1970, and reading the creation time out of a MongoDB ObjectId each need their own explanation and their own default. One page that did all of them would answer none of them completely.
Is a Unix timestamp the same thing as epoch time?
Yes. Unix time, epoch time and POSIX time all name the same value: the count of seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970. Tools and documentation use the three names interchangeably, which is why the pages here answer to all of them.